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Determination of tumor markers using carbon paste electrodes
Adámková, Hana ; Zima, Jiří (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
In this master s thesis, electrochemical determination of homovanillic acid (HVA) andˈ vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) was performed on carbon paste electrode. The purpose of this thesis was finding out optimal conditions for determination of these analytes by ndifferential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and high pressure liquid chromatography with a carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED). The electrochemical behavior of the compounds depends mainly on pH of the solution; the best results are obtained in acidic medium. The limits of detection for DPV method were for HVA 0,38 μmol·dm-3 and for VMA 0,25 μmol·dm-3 . The limits of detection for HPLC-ED were for HVA 0,7 μmol·dm-3 and for VMA 0,2 μmol·dm-3 . Developed method was successfully used for the determination of homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid in urine samples. With HPLC - ED the limits of detection 0,8 μmol·dm-3 (HVA) and 0,5 μmol·dm-3 (VMA) were achieved. Key words: Homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, carbon paste electrode, DPV, HPLC
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Voltammetric and amperometric determination of homovanillic, vanillylmandelic, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid
Němečková, Anna ; Barek, Jiří (advisor) ; Labuda, Ján (referee) ; Skopalová, Jana (referee)
Presented dissertation thesis is focused on the development of electrochemical methods for the determination of three important tumour biomarkers, namely homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA). First part of the study is focused on electrochemical behaviour of these analytes in batch arrangement using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). It has been proved that presented method is sufficiently sensitive for monitoring above mentioned analytes. Moreover, it can be used for determination of HVA and VMA in mixture. Obtained limits of detection (LODs) were 0.24 µmol·L-1 for HVA, 0.06 µmol·L-1 for VMA, and 0.12 µmol·L-1 for 5-HIAA. The requirements to speed up the analysis and at the same time to reduce its price initialized our study of the determination of tested biomarkers in flow systems. Firstly, flow injection analysis with amperometric detection was investigated for the determination of all three biomarkers at the same SPCE, and then an analogous determination of structural more similar pair, HVA and VMA, was performed at a boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE). Obtained LODs of optimized methods were as follows: at SPCE 0.07 µmol·L-1 for HVA, 0.05 µmol·L-1 for VMA, and 0.03 µmol·L-1 for 5-HIAA,...
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Voltammetric Determination of Tumor Biomarkers using Flow Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection
Němečková-Makrlíková, Anna ; Matysik, F.-M. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Barek, J. ; Vyskočil, V.
Three tumor biomarkers (homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid) have been determined by flow injection analysis with amperometric detection at screen-printed carbon electrodes in optimum medium of Britton-Robinson buffer (0.04 mol l(-1), pH = 2.0). Dependences of the peaks current on the concentration of biomarkers were linear in the tested concentration region from 0.05 to 100 mu mol l(-1), with the limits of detection of 0.065 mu mol l(-1) for homovanillic acid, 0.053 mu mol l(-1) for vanillylmandelic acid, and 0.033 mu mol l(-1) for 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (calculated from heights), and 0.024 mu mol l(-1) for homovanillic acid, 0.020 mu mol l(-1) for vanillylmandelic acid, and 0.012 mu mol l(-1) for 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (calculated fromareas), respectively.
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Voltammetric Determination of Tumor Biomarkers using Flow Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection
Makrlíková, Anna ; Matysik, F.-M. ; Barek, J. ; Vyskočil, V.
Three tumor biomarkers (homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid,\nand 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid) have been determined by flow\ninjection analysis with amperometric detection at screen-printed\ncarbon electrodes in optimum medium of Britton-Robinson buffer\n(0.04 mol l-1, pH = 2.0). Dependences of the peaks current on the\nconcentration of biomarkers were linear in the tested concentration\nregion from 0.05 to 100 mu mol l-1, with the limits of detection of\n0.065 mu mol l-1 for homovanillic acid, 0.053 mu mol l-1 for vanillylmandelic\nacid, and 0.033 mu mol l-1 for 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (calculated\nfrom heights), and 0.024 mu mol 1-1 for homovanillic acid,\n0.020 mu mol l-1 forvanillylmandelic acid, and 0.012 mu mol l-1 for 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (calculated from areas), respectively.
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Vanillylmandelic and Homovanillic Acid: Electroanalysis at Carbon-Based Electrodes
Baluchová, Simona ; Schwarzová, Karolina (advisor) ; Dejmková, Hana (referee)
The objective of the present work is the study of the electrochemical behaviour of two diagnostic tumor markers of great importance, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), on carbon-based electrodes by using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. A comparison was made among non-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and GCE modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Nafion (Nafion/GCE) and poly(neutral red) (PNR/GCE), and further boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode which was activated by anodic polarization (Eakt = +2,4 V, t = 30 s) or by polishing on alumina slurry. Significant differences in the voltammetric responses of VMA and HVA were found, not only among utilized electrode materials which also influenced the way of controlling the oxidation process, but also they depend on the pH value of aqueous media in which these acids occurred. An acidic environment is the most suitable for their determination. Calibration dependences were measured in 0.1 mol∙l−1 phosphate buffer pH 3.0 which was chosen as an optimal supporting electrolyte for differential pulse voltammetric determination. Achieved detection limits were 0.6, 0.9, 0.8 and 1.2 μmol∙l−1 for HVA and 0.4, 1.5, 2.4 and 1.1 μmol∙l−1 for VMA at BDD electrode, non-modified GCE, Nafion/GCE and PNR/GCE, respectively. Limits...
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Determination of tumor markers using carbon paste electrodes
Adámková, Hana ; Zima, Jiří (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
In this master s thesis, electrochemical determination of homovanillic acid (HVA) andˈ vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) was performed on carbon paste electrode. The purpose of this thesis was finding out optimal conditions for determination of these analytes by ndifferential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and high pressure liquid chromatography with a carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED). The electrochemical behavior of the compounds depends mainly on pH of the solution; the best results are obtained in acidic medium. The limits of detection for DPV method were for HVA 0,38 μmol·dm-3 and for VMA 0,25 μmol·dm-3 . The limits of detection for HPLC-ED were for HVA 0,7 μmol·dm-3 and for VMA 0,2 μmol·dm-3 . Developed method was successfully used for the determination of homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid in urine samples. With HPLC - ED the limits of detection 0,8 μmol·dm-3 (HVA) and 0,5 μmol·dm-3 (VMA) were achieved. Key words: Homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, carbon paste electrode, DPV, HPLC
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Voltammetric determination of clinical markers vanillylmandelic and homovanillic acid at boron-doped diamond electrode
Baluchová, Simona ; Schwarzová, Karolina (advisor) ; Zima, Jiří (referee)
This thesis investigates electrochemical oxidation of two main catecholamine metabolites vanillylmandelic and homovanillic acid at anodically oxidized boron-doped diamond electrode using voltammetric techniques. Their behavior in aqueous media depends on its pH value significantly; the highest and best developed voltammetric signals are provided in an acidic medium when both organic compounds occur in their non-ionized form. The phosphate buffer pH 3.0 was chosen as supporting electrolyte for analysis of these two substances and the conditions of determination were optimized. Calibration dependences are linear for both studied compounds in the concentration range from 4 to 100 μmol∙l−1 . Using differential pulse voltammetry limits of detection for homovanillic acid (LOD = 0.57 μmol∙l−1 ) and for vanillylmandelic acid (LOD = 0.41 μmol∙l−1 ) were achieved. The possibility of their simultaneous determination at boron-doped diamond was also verified. The oxidation mechanisms of homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid at boron-doped diamond electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry and in both cases it is diffusion-controlled reaction.
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Mercury and its Future in the Czech Republic
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Vytopilová, M. ; Vlčková, Š. ; Mrázová, K. ; Zakharov, S. ; Honsová, Š. ; Pelclová, D.
Toxicity of mercury has been discussed for many years by specialists as well as by laymen. Legislative tools connected with measures and conditions concerning the trade, manufacture, use and interim storage of mercury, mercury compounds, mixtures, mercury-added products and the management of mercury waste are currently being prepared. Some suggestions and prepared measurements are mentioned and discussed in this contribution. Of course, it is necessary to differentiate among various forms of it, i.e., metallic form, vapors, amalgams, soluble and insoluble inorganic and organic compounds.
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Electrochemical Methods for Determination of Three Tumor Biomarkers for Neuroblastoma: Homovanillic Acid, Vanillylmandelic Acid, and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
Makrlíková, A. ; Ktena, A. ; Fischer, J. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Vyskočil, V.
Tumor biomarkers – homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid – have been determined at a screen-printed carbon electrode in small volume samples. For all measurements, Britton-Robinson buffer (0.04 moll−1, pH 3.0) was used as an optimum medium for all three analytes. Dependences of the peak current on the concentration were linear for all compounds, with the limits of quantification 0.8 μmol∙l–1 for homovanillic acid, 0.2 μmol∙l–1 for vanillylmandelic acid, and 0.2 μmol∙l–1 for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Depending on the results of the measurements, the future experiments should be performed in human urine.
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